Despite its differences, the mouth of a dog or cat has a lot of similarities to a human mouth. As we eat, we release small food particles which can be used by bacteria for growth. These bacteria form a film on the surface of the teeth called plaque. If the plaque is not removed, it will absorb minerals and harden into tartar or calculus.
The bacteria can also infect or irritate the gums. This is called gingivitis. When this disease is not controlled, the bone around the tooth begins to dissolve. This is called periodontal disease, and it leads to tooth loss.
The best way to prevent this is with a team approach of home dental care as well as professional care by your veterinarian. Home care is designed to remove plaque and slow tartar formation. When tartar changes occur, then a professional exam, cleaning and polishing is needed.
What can be used for home dental care? 
- Brushing- The best method of cleaning the teeth is brushing. Daily brushing is ideal, but even a couple times a week would help. Do not use human toothpaste because they contain detergents which will upset a pet’s stomach when swallowed. The best product to use is C.E.T. Enzymatic Toothpaste. This comes in a poultry flavor that dogs and cats love. You can use a soft toothbrush or a finger brush. For a video showing how to brush your cat’s teeth, visit http://www.partnersah.vet.cornell.edu/pet/fhc/brushing_teeth
- DentAcetic Wipes- Removes plaque by wiping it off with an oral antiseptic wipe.
- VeggieDent and C.E.T. Chews- These also remove tartar through mechanical action and the C.E.T. enzyme. Dogs that eat these must be monitored to be sure they chew them up and don’t try to swallow large pieces.
- Prescription Diet t/d- This food has been engineered to reduce plaque, tartar and staining of teeth. It is designed so that the kibble does not shatter when chewed like most dry foods. Instead, the tooth penetrates it and the unique texture of the t/d wipes accumulation off of the tooth’s surface. It has been shown that feeding t/d as your pet’s regular food is equivalent to brushing the teeth twice a week.